God ordered us to be completely fair with people even if we saw two people having a problem, one of them is Muslim, the other is non-Muslim, and we found that the non-Muslim is the one who has the right, we must judge for the non-Muslim.
God says in the Quran:
135. O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for Allah , even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives. Whether one is rich or poor, Allah is more worthy of both. So follow not [personal] inclination, lest you not be just. And if you distort [your testimony] or refuse [to give it], then indeed Allah is ever, with what you do, Acquainted. (Holy Quran 4:135)
Once, a dispute arose between Ali bin Ali Talib, when he was the Caliph, and a Jewish man who went to Judge Shuray al-Kindi.
Shuray tells the details of what happened: “Ali found he was missing a suit of mail, so he went back to Kufa and found it in the hands of a Jewish man who was selling it in the market.
He said, ‘O Jew! That suit of mail is mine!
I did not give it away or sell it!’ The Jew responded ‘It is mine.
It is in my possession.’ Ali said, ‘We will have the judge rule on this for us.’
So they came to me and Ali sat next to me and said, ‘That suit of mail is mine; I did not give it away or sell it.’
The Jew sat in front of me and said, ‘That is my suit of mail.
It is in my possession.’ I asked, ‘O Commander of the Faithful, do you have any proof?’ Yes,’ Ali said. ‘My son Hasan and Qanbar can testify that it is my suit of mail.’
I said, ‘Commander of the Faithful, the testimony of a son in his father’s favor is not admissible in court.’ Ali exclaimed, ‘How Perfect is God!
You cannot accept the testimony of a man who has been promised Paradise?
I heard the Messenger of God saying that Hasan and Husain are the princes of the youth in Paradise.’
The judge says:
“Still this is not a proof, Commander of the Faithful” Ali says:”You are right”
The Jewish man said:
‘The Commander of the Faithful Ali ibn Abi Taleb) takes me before his own judge and the judge rules in my favor against him!
I bear witness that no one deserves worship except God and that Muhammad is His Messenger [the Jewish man accepted Islam], and that the suit of armor is yours, Commander of the Faithful.
You dropped it at night and I found it.’ (Abu Bakr Hayyan, Tarikh al-Qudat, Volume 2, p. 200)
Truthfulness and Honesty in Islam God ordered us not to lie or to promise with something and don’t do, Prophet Muhammad ï·º said that this is a sign of hypocrisy.
Allah says in the Quran:
119. O you who have believed, fear Allah and be with those who are truthful. (Holy Quran 9:119)
And fulfill the covenant; for the covenant shall be questioned about.
And fulfill [every] commitment. Indeed, the commitment is ever [that about which one will be] questioned. (Holy Quran 17:34)
70. O you who have believed, fear Allah and speak words of appropriate justice.
71. He will [then] amend for you your deeds and forgive you your sins.And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has certainly attained a great attainment. (Holy Quran 33:70-71)
God ordered us to say good words and avoid bad words and emphasized much on this because the slip of the tongue may cause many problems:
24. Have you not considered how Allah presents an example, [making] a good word like a good tree, whose root is firmly fixed and its branches are [high] in the sky?
25. It produces its fruit all the time, by permission of its Lord. And Allah presents examples for the people that perhaps they will be reminded.
26. and the example of a bad word is like a bad tree, uprooted from the surface of the earth, not having any stability. (Holy Quran 14:24-26)
Prophet Muhammad ï·º said: Pay the deposit to him who deposited it with you, and do not betray him who betrays you. (Abi Dawood)